背景
按上篇文章《Traefik 2 群晖硬核指南》，文章阐述了容器时代下如何替代Nginx，搭建一个基于Traefik 2，搭建自动SSL、容器自动服务注册、自动域名解析的统一网关，网关是搭建好了，我们还需要做服务监控，才能做到心中有数，有据可查。
本文以上篇文章为范本，再次全流程的介绍如何搭建Traefik、Grafana、Prometheus、Promtail、Loki，并且如何配置服务，实现自动化日志记录、监控。
效果图
二话不说，咱们先看效果吧。
Traefik
按上篇文章，我们已经搭建了Traefik，但为了配合监控，我们需要对docker-compose.yml进行改造，因此，本文从头到尾的写一遍，您只需要看这一篇文章就够了，部分内容可能描述不够详细，有疑惑请到上一篇文章阅读。
cd /volume1/docker/
mkdir traefik
cd traefik
mkdir config
mkdir ssl
# 创建traefik专属网络
docker network create traefik
亮出我们的利器，通过docker-compose启动，编辑刚刚创建的yml文件 docker-compose.yml：
version: '3.7'
services:
traefik:
container_name: traefik
environment:
- CF_API_EMAIL=CLOUDFLARE邮箱
- CLOUDFLARE_DNS_API_TOKEN=CLOUDFLARE API TOKEN
- CLOUDFLARE_ZONE_API_TOKEN=CLOUDFLARE API TOKEN
image: traefik:v2.1.3
restart: always
ports:
- target: 52080
published: 52080
mode: host
- target: 52443
published: 52443
mode: host
- target: 52022
published: 52022
mode: host
- "8080:8080"
command: traefik --configFile /etc/traefik.yml
volumes:
- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
- ./ssl/:/data/ssl/:rw
- ./traefik.yml:/etc/traefik.yml:ro
- ./config/:/etc/traefik/config/:ro
- ./logs/:/data/logs/:rw
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD-SHELL", "wget -q --spider --proxy off localhost:8080/ping || exit 1"]
interval: 6h
network_mode: host
在根目录下新建文件traefik.yml，写入如下配置内容。
global:
checkNewVersion: false
sendAnonymousUsage: false
log:
level: "WARN"
format: "common"
filePath: "/data/logs/traefik.log"
api:
dashboard: true
insecure: true
ping: {}
accessLog:
filePath: "/data/logs/access.log"
bufferingSize: 100
format: json
filters:
minDuration: "10ms"
providers:
docker:
watch: true
exposedByDefault: false
endpoint: "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"
swarmMode: false
useBindPortIP: false
network: "traefik"
file:
watch: true
directory: "/etc/traefik/config"
debugLogGeneratedTemplate: true
entryPoints:
http:
address: ":52080"
forwardedHeaders:
insecure: true
https:
address: ":52443"
forwardedHeaders:
insecure: true
ssh:
address: ":52022"
forwardedHeaders:
insecure: true
certificatesResolvers:
my:
acme:
email: "CLOUDFLARE邮箱"
storage: "/data/ssl/acme.json"
dnsChallenge:
resolvers: ["1.1.1.1:53", "8.8.8.8:53"]
provider: "cloudflare"
delayBeforeCheck: 30
metrics:
prometheus:
buckets:
- 0.1
- 0.3
- 1.2
- 5.0
值得注意的是，因为运营商屏蔽了22、443、80端口，于是我使用52022、52443、52080做映射替代，如未被屏蔽，请忽略。
为了自动申请SSL证书，提交成功率，我才用DNS Challenge的方式校验有效性，因此需Cloudflare的环境信息，如果你的域名没有配置Cloudflare解析，可以根据这篇文章置换相应变量。
随后，进入config目录。
创建dashboard.nas.yfgeek.com.toml文件，作为traefik展示面板的配置文件，因为相对固化，所以采用文件配置文件的形式，traefik支持文件加载配置。
[http.middlewares.dash-compress.compress]
[http.middlewares.dash-auth.basicAuth]
users = [
"test:$apr1$ux2tmr06$Qz5r/BNEfzdxriR/0o30Z1",
]
[http.routers.dashboard]
rule = "Host(`dashboard.nas.yfgeek.com`)"
entrypoints = ["http"]
service = "dashboard@internal"
middlewares = ["dash-auth", "dash-compress"]
[http.routers.api]
rule = "Host(`dashboard.nas.yfgeek.com`) && PathPrefix(`/api`)"
entrypoints = ["http"]
service = "api@internal"
middlewares = ["dash-auth", "dash-compress"]
[http.routers.ping]
rule = "Host(`dashboard.nas.yfgeek.com`) && PathPrefix(`/ping`)"
entrypoints = ["http"]
service = "ping@internal"
middlewares = ["dash-auth", "dash-compress"]
这个文件中，我们设置了一个用于验证的中间件，进入网站之前会默认进行验证，密码是htpasswd生成规则，例子中用户名是test，密码是test，如需定制，可到这个网站生成密码。
全部创建好后，目录结构如下：
|____config
| |____dashboard.nas.yfgeek.com.toml
|____ssl
|____docker-compose.yml
|____traefik.yml
确认无误，我们使用启动大法，执行如下命令。
docker-compose up -d
docker container logs traefik -f
不出意外，服务即将启动成功，可以看到日志，如果有问题就见招拆招即可。
具体可参考：https://github.com/yfgeek/traefik-docker-compose/tree/master/traefik
搭建监控系统
监控系统，你可能跟我说ELK？别试了，我已经试过了，这个对内存要求太高了，群晖咱承受不起，最终采用的方案如下：
Grafana
Grafana 是一个用于监控和可视化观测的开源平台，支持非常丰富的数据源，在 Loki 技术栈中它专门用来展示来自 Prometheus 和 Loki 等数据源的时间序列数据。此外，还允许我们进行查询、可视化、报警等操作，可以用于创建、探索和共享数据 Dashboard，鼓励数据驱动的文化。
Prometheus
Prometheus受启发于Google的Brogmon监控系统（相似的Kubernetes是从Google的Brog系统演变而来），是一个开放性的监控解决方案，用户可以非常方便的安装和使用Prometheus并且能够非常方便的对其进行扩展。基于全新存储层的2.0版本，能更好地与容器平台、云平台配合。
Promtail
Promtail 是用来将容器日志发送到 Loki 或者 Grafana 服务上的日志收集工具，该工具主要包括发现采集目标以及给日志流添加上 Label 标签，然后发送给 Loki，另外 Promtail 的服务发现是基于 Prometheus 的服务发现机制实现的。
Loki
Loki 是一个受 Prometheus 启发的可以水平扩展、高可用以及支持多租户的日志聚合系统，使用了和 Prometheus 相同的服务发现机制，将标签添加到日志流中而不是构建全文索引。正因为如此，从 Promtail 接收到的日志和应用的 metrics 指标就具有相同的标签集。所以，它不仅提供了更好的日志和指标之间的上下文切换，还避免了对日志进行全文索引。
开搞
cd /volume1/docker/
mkdir monitoring
拷贝如下目录的全部文件：https://github.com/yfgeek/traefik-docker-compose/tree/master/monitoring
编辑docker-compose.yml文件，更改granafa的host地址，可更改为内网。
version: '3.7'
services:
prometheus:
image: prom/prometheus
volumes:
- ./prometheus/:/etc/prometheus/
- prometheus_data:/prometheus
command:
- '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
- '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
- '--web.console.libraries=/usr/share/prometheus/console_libraries'
- '--web.console.templates=/usr/share/prometheus/consoles'
networks:
- inbound
labels:
- "traefik.enable=true"
- "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.rule=Host(`prometheus`)"
- "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.entrypoints=http"
- "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.service=prometheus"
- "traefik.http.services.prometheus.loadbalancer.server.port=9090"
- "traefik.docker.network=inbound"
grafana:
image: grafana/grafana
depends_on:
- prometheus
volumes:
- grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
- ./grafana/provisioning/:/etc/grafana/provisioning/
env_file:
- ./grafana/config.monitoring
networks:
- inbound
user: "472"
labels:
- "traefik.enable=true"
- "traefik.http.routers.grafana.rule=Host(`grf.nas.yfgeek.com`,`grafana`)"
- "traefik.http.routers.grafana.entrypoints=http"
- "traefik.http.routers.grafana.service=grafana"
- "traefik.http.services.grafana.loadbalancer.server.port=3000"
- "traefik.docker.network=inbound"
loki:
image: grafana/loki
expose:
- "3100"
volumes:
- /volume1/docker/prometheus/loki/local-config.yaml:/etc/loki/local-config.yaml
- loki_data:/loki
command: -config.file=/etc/loki/local-config.yaml
networks:
- inbound
promtail:
image: grafana/promtail
depends_on:
- loki
volumes:
- /volume1/docker/traefik/logs:/var/log
- /volume1/docker/prometheus/promtail/config.yml:/etc/promtail/config.yml
command: -config.file=/etc/promtail/config.yml
networks:
- inbound
networks:
inbound:
name: inbound
volumes:
prometheus_data: {}
grafana_data: {}
loki_data: {}
确认无误后，执行大法。
docker-compose up -d
等待docker都拉取完毕，创建好容器后，我们便可以通过访问设置的host地址，进入granafa登陆界面。
输入用户名admin 密码admin （密码后续可改），进入监控页面，点击如图所示的按钮，随后点击Add data source，添加数据源。
依次添加prometheus、loki
具体配置如下
prometheus地址：http://prometheus:9090
loki地址：http://loki:3100
设置完成后，点击Save & Test 看到绿色成功，即设置成功。
日志检索
数据源添加完毕后，可以到Explore页面中，检查日志是否上送。
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Traefik 大盘
点击加号按钮，点击Import，通过如下ID导入 12250，随后Import即可。
Loki 大盘
因为我在Promtail过程中更改了默认的job名字，可根据ID 13713导入后，手动更改配置，也可以直接通过JSON导入。点击加号按钮，点击Import，通过如下JSON导入：
{"annotations":{"list":[{"builtIn":1,"datasource":"-- Grafana --","enable":true,"hide":true,"iconColor":"rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)","name":"Annotations & Alerts","type":"dashboard"}]},"description":"Loki version 2 showcase using JSON Traefik access logs.","editable":true,"gnetId":13713,"graphTooltip":0,"id":4,"links":[],"panels":[{"datasource":"Loki","description":"","fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]}},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":2,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"id":32,"interval":"","options":{"content":"<div class=\"left dashboard-header\">\n <img src=\"https://marketplace-assets.digitalocean.com/logos/loki-logo.svg\" style=\"height:29px;\"/>\n <span>Traefik Dashboard</span>\n</div>","mode":"html"},"pluginVersion":"7.4.3","targets":[{"expr":"loki_build_info","format":"table","instant":false,"interval":"","legendFormat":"","refId":"A"}],"timeFrom":null,"timeShift":null,"title":"","transparent":true,"type":"text"},{"datasource":"Loki","description":"","fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[{"color":"purple","value":null}]},"unit":"short"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":4,"w":6,"x":0,"y":2},"id":4,"interval":"1m","options":{"colorMode":"background","graphMode":"area","justifyMode":"auto","orientation":"auto","reduceOptions":{"calcs":["sum"],"fields":"","values":false},"text":{},"textMode":"value"},"pluginVersion":"7.4.3","targets":[{"expr":"sum(count_over_time({filename=\"/var/log/access.log\"} |= \"RequestProtocol\" [$__interval]))","legendFormat":"","refId":"A"}],"timeFrom":"1h","timeShift":null,"title":"Total requests ","transformations":[],"transparent":true,"type":"stat"},{"datasource":"Loki","description":"","fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[{"color":"light-blue","value":null}]},"unit":"short"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":8,"w":9,"x":6,"y":2},"id":5,"interval":"30s","options":{"colorMode":"background","graphMode":"area","justifyMode":"auto","orientation":"auto","reduceOptions":{"calcs":["sum"],"fields":"","values":false},"text":{},"textMode":"auto"},"pluginVersion":"7.4.3","targets":[{"expr":"sum by (OriginStatus) (count_over_time({filename=\"/var/log/access.log\"} |= \"RequestProtocol\" | json | __error__=\"\" [$__interval]))","legendFormat":"HTTP Status: {{OriginStatus}}","refId":"A"}],"timeFrom":"3h","timeShift":null,"title":"Requests per status code","transformations":[],"transparent":true,"type":"stat"},{"cacheTimeout":null,"datasource":"Loki","description":"","fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{},"mappings":[],"noValue":"0","thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[{"color":"purple","value":null},{"color":"red","value":80}]},"unit":"percent"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":4,"w":4,"x":15,"y":2},"id":19,"interval":"5m","links":[],"maxDataPoints":1,"options":{"colorMode":"background","graphMode":"none","justifyMode":"center","orientation":"auto","reduceOptions":{"calcs":["mean"],"fields":"","values":false},"text":{},"textMode":"value"},"pluginVersion":"7.4.3","targets":[{"expr":" sum(rate({filename=\"/var/log/access.log\"} |~ \"RequestProtocol\" | json | OriginStatus >= 400 |__error__=\"\"[$__interval])) / (sum(rate({job=\"/var/log/traefik.log\"} |~ \"RequestProtocol\" | json | __error__=\"\"[$__interval])) / 100)","legendFormat":"","refId":"A"}],"timeFrom":"1h","timeShift":null,"title":"% of 4/5xx ","transparent":true,"type":"stat"},{"aliasColors":{},"bars":false,"cacheTimeout":null,"dashLength":10,"dashes":false,"datasource":"Loki","description":"","fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{},"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[]},"unit":"none"},"overrides":[]},"fill":1,"fillGradient":0,"gridPos":{"h":4,"w":5,"x":19,"y":2},"hiddenSeries":false,"id":36,"interval":"1m","legend":{"avg":false,"current":false,"hideEmpty":true,"hideZero":true,"max":false,"min":false,"show":false,"total":false,"values":false},"lines":true,"linewidth":1,"links":[],"nullPointMode":"null","options":{"alertThreshold":true},"percentage":false,"pluginVersion":"7.4.3","pointradius":2,"points":false,"renderer":"flot","seriesOverrides":[],"spaceLength":10,"stack":false,"steppedLine":false,"targets":[{"expr":" sum by (OriginStatus,ServiceName) (count_over_time({filename=\"/var/log/access.log\"} |~ \"RequestProtocol\" | json | OriginStatus >= 400 |__error__=\"\"[$__interval]))","legendFormat":" {{ServiceName}} / {{OriginStatus}} ","refId":"A"}],"thresholds":[],"timeFrom":"3h","timeRegions":[],"timeShift":null,"title":" 4/5xx Services","tooltip":{"shared":true,"sort":0,"value_type":"individual"},"transparent":true,"type":"graph","xaxis":{"buckets":null,"mode":"time","name":null,"show":false,"values":[]},"yaxes":[{"$$hashKey":"object:405","decimals":0,"format":"none","label":null,"logBase":1,"max":null,"min":"0","show":true},{"$$hashKey":"object:406","format":"short","label":null,"logBase":1,"max":null,"min":null,"show":false}],"yaxis":{"align":false,"alignLevel":null}},{"datasource":"Loki","description":"","fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[{"color":"purple","value":null}]}},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":4,"w":6,"x":0,"y":6},"id":22,"interval":"5m","options":{"colorMode":"background","graphMode":"none","justifyMode":"auto","orientation":"auto","reduceOptions":{"calcs":["mean"],"fields":"","values":false},"text":{},"textMode":"value"},"pluginVersion":"7.4.3","targets":[{"expr":"count(sum by (ClientHost) (count_over_time({filename=\"/var/log/access.log\"}|= \"RequestProtocol\" | json | __error__=\"\" [$__interval])))","legendFormat":"","refId":"A"}],"timeFrom":"5m","timeShift":null,"title":"Users right now","transformations":[],"transparent":true,"type":"stat"},{"datasource":"Loki","description":"","fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{},"mappings":[],"thresholds":{"mode":"absolute","steps":[{"color":"purple","value":null}]},"unit":"decbytes"},"overrides":[]},"gridPos":{"h":4,"w":8,"x":15,"y":6},"id":8,"interval":"1m","options":{"colorMode":"background","graphMode":"none","justifyMode":"center","orientation":"auto","reduceOptions":{"calcs":["sum"],"fields":"","values":false},"text":{},"textMode":"value"},"pluginVersion":"7.4.3","targets":[{"expr":"sum_over_time({filename=\"/var/log/access.log\"}|= \"RequestProtocol\" | json | OriginStatus=200 | unwrap DownstreamContentSize | __error__=\"\" [$__interval])","legendFormat":"Bytes 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}}","refId":"C"}],"thresholds":[{"$$hashKey":"object:168","colorMode":"critical","fill":true,"line":true,"op":"gt","value":0.3,"yaxis":"left"}],"timeFrom":null,"timeRegions":[],"timeShift":null,"title":"95th percentile of Request Time","tooltip":{"shared":true,"sort":0,"value_type":"individual"},"transparent":true,"type":"graph","xaxis":{"buckets":null,"mode":"time","name":null,"show":true,"values":[]},"yaxes":[{"$$hashKey":"object:178","format":"ns","label":null,"logBase":1,"max":null,"min":null,"show":true},{"$$hashKey":"object:179","format":"short","label":null,"logBase":1,"max":null,"min":null,"show":false}],"yaxis":{"align":false,"alignLevel":null}},{"aliasColors":{"95th percentile":"blue","max latency":"super-light-blue"},"bars":false,"dashLength":10,"dashes":false,"datasource":"Loki","description":"","fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"custom":{},"unit":"ns"},"overrides":[]},"fill":5,"fillGradient":9,"gridPos":{"h":9,"w":8,"x":8,"y":18},"hiddenSeries":false,"id":34,"interval":"30s","legend":{"alignAsTable":false,"avg":false,"current":false,"max":false,"min":false,"rightSide":false,"show":true,"total":false,"values":false},"lines":true,"linewidth":1,"nullPointMode":"null","options":{"alertThreshold":true},"percentage":false,"pluginVersion":"7.4.3","pointradius":2,"points":false,"renderer":"flot","seriesOverrides":[{"$$hashKey":"object:232","alias":"max latency","dashes":true,"fillGradient":3}],"spaceLength":10,"stack":false,"steppedLine":false,"targets":[{"expr":"max by (ServiceName) (max_over_time({filename=\"/var/log/access.log\"} |= \"RequestProtocol\" |json | unwrap Duration | __error__=\"\" [$__interval]))","hide":false,"legendFormat":"{{ 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到这里，两个大盘就完美展示了，具体Grafana如何使用可自行查阅资料。
值得注意的是，后续增加容器服务，只要注册在Traefik，就会自动联动到监控系统，无需任何二次配置，实现简单，便捷，统一管理。
本文所涉及的文件均在此处可找到：https://github.com/yfgeek/traefik-docker-compose